Art of producing gases in upright retorts.



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ART OF PRODUCING GASES IN UPRIGHT RETORTS.

I APPLIUATIOK FILED SE21. 271-1909, 9893M Patented. Agar. 11, 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Zflaz 6&6 e 6 fizaezzfar- G. BOLZ.

ART-0F PRODUCING GASES IN UPRIGHT RBTORTS.

APPLICATION FILED-SEPT. 2'7, 1909. 989,324. v Patented Apr. 11, 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' 67a)"; is Z a {azzrf oilz r UNITED sTA Es PATENT OFFICE.

CHRISTIAN BO'LZY, or BUILDAPIEST, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

ART OF PRODUCING GASES IN UPRIGHT RETORTS.

To all whom it may concern:

'Be it known that l, Cmus'ruN BoLZ.. a

subject of the German Emperor, residing at Budapest, Austria-Hungary, have invented certain new and useful lmprovelm nts in the Art of Producing Gases in Upright Retorts; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, 'clear,and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertuins to make and use'the same.

. My invention relates toimprovements in the art-of producing gases in upright retorts.

In the procession producing gas in upright retorts the retorts are completely filled with coal, and the whole retort is. exposed to the distilling heat. This process is objectionable, because the temperature of the .upper partof the retorts and of the floor provided at the upper part of the retorts is so high, that the charging'operation is made retort isheated tosuch a temperature, that inconvenient. 10st at the upper part of the retorts by radiation through the upper part of the masonry and through. the horizontal gas canals located'on the upper part of the oven and communicating with the retorts. In some cases experiments have shown, that the temperature of the gas produced is about 300 centigrad-e. The reason for this considerableloss .of heat resides in the fact, that. if the retorts are completely filled with coal, they must be heated up to the upper floor of the oven. j

The object of the present invention is to avoid the aforesaid disadvantages. For this purpose the retort is not completely filled with coal. and only that part of the retort. which is filled with coal is heated. while the upper part of the same is cooled by some cooling medium such .for example as air.

In the preferred form of the process the upper part of the retort is not only cooled as described, but above the level of the coal, and below the cooling chamber a separate heating'chamber is provided by which the lower portion of the non-filled part of the the gas when passing through this heated 1 portion can not absorb any heat which would be sufiici'ent todecompose the said gases,

'wlhichleave the coal at a temperaturevarying from 350 to 750 C. according to' the progress of the distillation and the temperature of the oven. Thereby the coal is uniformly coked, while in the old processes in which the retort'is completely filled the 1113-- Furthermore, much heat is Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Apr. 11, 1911. Application filed September 2 7, 1909., Serial No. 519,844.

per parts of the coal are but incompletely coked, and greasy byproducts are deposited. Such a heating chamber is also advantageous,'becausc it prevents the upper part of the retort from being excessively cooled by the cooling air, and because greatdifferences of the temperatures of the retort are avoided.

For the purpose of explaining the invention more clearly an example of an ovenadapted for carrying the process into effect is illustrated in the accompa'mving drawing. in which'- Figures 1 and 2 are vertical sections of said oven, thesesections being taken on planes at right angles to each other. Fig. 3 is a section of the upper part of the own corresponding to Fig. 2. Y

Asshown in the said drawing a plurality of upright retorts A are disposed within a common heating chamber B to which heat is applied in any preferred way. Above the heating chamber B a separate flue B is provided which is heated. by the heating gases escaping from themain heating chamber B. Above the heating chamber B a cooling chamber G'is provided to which a cooling medium, preferably air, is admitted. The heat thus abstracted from the upper partof the retort and from the gases escaping from the same is preferably transmit-ted through a flue F to the fireplace G by which the chamber B is heated, This air (the course of which is indicated by a dotted errow in Fig. 2) mixes in the fire-place Gwith producer-gas,which passes thereto through a conduit H, the course of this gas and of the mixture thereof with" the heated air be- When carryingout the process as described, the floor E and the upper parts of the retorts are held at a low temperature,

and the gas produced is simultaneously cooled. while the heat abstracted from the retort. is made use offor heating purposes. Iclaim:

1. The herein described process of producing gas-in upright retorts which comprises partially'filling the retort with a gasproducing materialand forming a distillingzonei'vhi'ch corresponds tozt hefilled portion.

pet-attire. heating the transition zone to a .of the retort. and ll'tlllSlilUlljlDd cooling ing to the upper part of the non-filled portion of the retort. heating the distilling zone throughout its extent to a distilhng temrelatively lower temperature which is in sutlicient to decompose the gas produced, and cooling the cooling zone.

2. The process of producing gas in upright retorts. which consists in part1 filling the said retorts with the material to be distilled. applying a distilling heat to the tilled part of said retorts. applying to the lower portion of the non-filled part of the'retorts heat at a temperature below that at which the gas generated is decomposed. and cooling the uppper portion of said non-filled part of I the retorts.

3. The proces of producing gas in upright retorts, which consists in partly filling tltosaid rctorts with the material to be distilled. applying a distilling heat to the filled I heat at the gas generated is decomposed. cooling the around the lower of the retort.

part of said retorts. applying to the lower portion a temperature below that at which upper portion of said non-filled part of the retorts. .and transmitting to the material heat abstracted from the upper part of the ret orts.

4. The process of producing gas inupright retorts.-\\herein the retort is partly filled with the material to be distilled and cool air is drawn in through a cooling chamher around the upper part of the non-tilled part of the retort, such air being then passed to the tire place and through the fines around the tilled part of the retort and part of the non-filled part In testimony whereof I hereunto afiix my signature in the presence. of two witnesses.

CHRISTIAN BOLZ. Witnesses:

)ltcnuat, Tonxon, Lrsu: L. Csaszt.

of the non-filledpart; of the retorts 

